Celebrating the Holy Saints

The Origin, Evolution, and Liturgical Use of the Mälkəʿ

This book explores the somatic hymns – Mälkəʿ – addressed to saints in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Churches, their origin and development, and transmission and use in the present day. This vast and hitherto untapped collection of hymns are an important source for an accurate understanding of the Church’s spirituality, hagiography, and liturgy.

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Publisher: Gorgias Press LLC

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SKU (ISBN): 978-1-4632-4557-3

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- Hardback (In Print) ISBN 978-1-4632-4557-3
- eBook PDF (In Print) 978-1-4632-4558-0 on Gorgias Mobile App (Glassboxx)

Publication Status: In Print

Series: Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies67

Publication Date: Sep 25,2024

Interior Color: Black

Trim Size: 6 x 9

Page Count: 431

Languages: English

ISBN: 978-1-4632-4557-3

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	Contributor	Biography
	HabtemichaelKidane	Habtemichael Kidane is a senior lecturer at the Sankt Ignatios College, Stockholm (Sweden). He earned his doctorate in Liturgical Studies from the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, with a dissertation on the Liturgy of the Hours in the Orthodox Täwaḥdo Church. He has published several studies and articles on the Gǝʿǝz liturgical tradition. He continues his research on the liturgical texts of the Qǝddase (Eucharistic Celebration), Akwätetä Qwǝrban (Anaphoras) and on the Yaredian Divine Office and the Säʿatat (Horologium) of Abba Giyorgis Säglawi.

Table of Contents (vii)

Acknowledgements (xi)

Transliteration (xiii)

Labiovelar (xiv)

Vowels (xiv)

Numerals (xiv)

Introduction (xv)

Chapter One. The Development of the Somatic Hymns (1)

The Study of the Mälkǝʿ (5)

Chapter Two. Scholarship on the Origin and Derivation of the Mälkǝʿ (29)

The Advancement from ʿArke/Sälam to Mälkǝʿ/Effigy (34)

The Desire for a Spiritual Pilgrimage to the Holy Places (43)

Worldly Traditional Somatic Songs (48)

Development of the Mälkǝʿ (49)

Visualizing the Aim of the Mälkǝʿ (52)

Chapter Three. What Makes a Somatic Hymn a Mälkǝʿ? (63)

Chapter Four. The Lengths of Mälkǝʿat: A Hypothesis From the Comparative Method (71)

Different Types of Mälkǝʿat (71)

Type I: Mälkǝʿat with Multiple Body Parts per Stanza (71)

Type II: Mälkǝʿat with Three Body Parts per Stanza (73)

Type III: Mälkǝʿat with Two Body Parts per Stanza (74)

Type IV: Mälkǝʿat with One Body Part per Stanza (77)

Chapter Five. Monastic Paraphernalia in the Mälkǝʿat (107)

Baptism and Maʿǝtäb (113)

Chapter Six. The Impact of the Physiologus (Fisalgos) on Some Mälkǝʿat and Other Liturgical Texts (119)

Chapter Seven. The Role of Religious Controversies in the Growth of the Mälkǝʿat (133)

The Authorship of the Mälkǝʿat (140)

Modesty of the Author (144)

Chapter Eight. Important Mälkǝʿat and Their Liturgical Use (155)

Major Mälkǝʿat (155)

Mälkǝʿat Recited Daily (164)

Mälkǝʿa Dawit (Effigy to David) (169)

Mälkǝʿat Used on Sundays (171)

Mälkǝʿat Used on a Monthly Basis (172)

Mälkǝʿat Used Annually (173)

Mälkǝʿat Without Suggestion for Their Liturgical Use (173)

Chapter Nine. Major Mälkǝʿat (175)

Mälkǝʿa Śǝllase (Effigy of the Trinity) (175)

Mälkǝʿa Ǝgziʾabḥer ʿAb (Effigy to God, the Father) (181)

Mälkǝʿat (Effigies) Dedicated to Jesus (186)

Mälkǝʿa Ṗaraqliṭos (Effigy of the Paraclete) (200)

Mälkǝʿa Qwǝrban (Hymn of the Eucharist) (205)

Mälkǝʿat (Effigy) Honoring Mary (209)

Maryam Ṣǝyon (Our Lady of Zion) (213)

Other Mälkǝʿat Praising the Virgin Mary (217)

Mälkǝʿa Sänbätä Krǝstiyan (Effigy of Sunday) (224)

Mälkǝʿat Praising Angels and Saints (231)

Mälkǝʿa Saṭnaʾel (Effigy of Satan) (234)

Chapter Ten. Mälkǝʿa Fǝṭǝrätat, ‘Effigy of the Creations’ (241)

What is Mälkǝʿa Fǝṭǝrätat? (241)

The Liturgical Use of Mälkǝʿa Fǝṭǝrätat (245)

Adam and Eve (MF1:11–12: ŚF): ‘Opus Dei’ (246)

Seventh Day of Rest (249)

God Creates and Provides (251)

The Alternation of the Seasons (MF1:77) (252)

The Reverse of the Mälkǝʿ: Body Parts that Concern the Orator the Most (252)

‘Glory to God, for I am Unique’ (256)

Chapter Eleven. Supplement to the Repertory of Mälkǝʿat in European-Held Ethiopian Manuscripts Published by Marius Chaîne (267)

Conclusion (371)

Appendix (375)

Ending Doxology of Mälkǝʿat (375)

List of the Body Parts and Paraphernalia Praised in the Somatic Hymns (Mälkǝʿat) (380)

Liturgical Use of the Mälkǝʿ (383)

Gəʿəz Calendar and its Correspondence in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars (388)

Chronological List of Manuscripts Used (388)

Abbreviations and Bibliography (393)

Mälkǝʿat (Effigies) Abbreviations (393)

Other Abbreviations (Journals, Dictionaries, Collections, Catalogues) (396)

Bibliography (397)

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