Peter and Paul came to Rome and were martyred there, but when? This book examines the evidence, and concludes that the traidition that they perished in 55 AD is untenable, and that Paul, at least, arrived in 61 and was martyred 22 February 63. It also examines where they were commemorated, and shows that Paul was celebrated in 258 on the road to Ostia, and that the connection of Peter with an execution ground by the Vatican is unfounded opinion based on unsound dates.