During the last century the position of Jews in Turkey went through a profound transformation; what was a blossoming community at the beginning of the century was by its end reduced to a marginal group. Independent scholar Rifat N. Bali Bali is the author of nine books and numerous articles on the history of Turkish Jewry. This volume presents his graduate thesis on the relationship between Turks and Jews in the Turkish republic, which was submitted to the École Pratique des Hautes Études of the Sourbonne University. In the first section, Bali analyzes the image of the Jew in three types of Turkish literature: nationalist popular literature, folklore and collections of anecdotes. In the second section, he gives an overview of the history of anti-Semitism in Turkey, from the early Republic to our time, particularly as a force in Islamist movements. Lastly, he turns his scholarly gaze to the official political ideology concerning the non-Muslims. This original study fills a gap in a field of research which has not been awarded the deserved attention.