Elias of Tirhan, who died in 1049, wrote this grammar in his younger years, before he became Bishop of Tirhan, and then Patriarch in 1028. It is the first Syriac grammar based, at least partly, on Arabic grammatical traditions, in addition to earlier Syriac grammatical foundations that had been laid. Beyond this grammar, we also know of a treatise by him on diacritical points. Baethgen produces here both the Syriac text and a German translation with notes, including remarks on Elias’s grammar in connection with Greek and Arabic grammatical traditions; the Syriac text includes textual notes.