Originally presented as a lecture at a conference at the University of Göttingen in 1971, this brief essay provides a basic introduction to the tradition of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch. It includes an overview of the history of the Syrian Orthodox Church with special attention to the Church's stance toward both Nestorius and the Council of Chalcedon (451 CE). It concludes with a brief note about the present state of the Church. In order to make this information more readily available, the present volume includes the text of this essay in five languages: Arabic, German, Dutch, Turkish, and English.