An ancient and authoritative record of the Iranian religion, the Avesta, had recently been discovered. The author’s goal is to trace out the history of the introduction to modern knowledge of the writings of this text.

Professor Lepsius’ goal in this article is to analyze the comments made in the article William Whitney wrote on his “Standard Alphabet” in 1861.

Professor Lepsiuis’ created the standard alphabet for reducing unwritten languages and foreign graphic systems to a uniform orthography in European letters. The validity and strength of this alphabet is tested by Whitney and the American Oriental Society.

William Dwight Whitney reviews the work of Bruno Liebich and R. Otto Franke, two scholars whose work was foundational to the codification of Sanskrit grammar and literature.

William Whitney reviews the Vedic syntax of Delbruck, the founder of the study of comparative linguistcs.

William Dwight Whitney examines Bahtlingk's edition of the two longest of the ancient or genuine Hindu Upanishads, the Chandogya and the Brhad-Aranyaka.

William Dwight Whitney examines various translation of the Upanishads, the sacred Vedic literature of India.