Judith Hauptman is the E. Billi Ivry Professor (emerita) of Talmud and Rabbinic Culture at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. Her research interests focus on how the disparate teachings of many rabbis, over many centuries, coalesced into the single text of the Talmud, how Jewish law changes over time in response to social and economic conditions, and how the rabbis of the Talmud viewed women, their role and legal status.